What the claim involves
A burn claim has to prove two things: what caused it, and what recovery will really involve.
The National Library of Medicine’s MedlinePlus describes three levels of burns. Superficial burns, formerly called first-degree burns, affect only the outer layer of the skin. Partial-thickness burns, formerly second-degree, reach the outer and underlying layers and cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering. Full-thickness burns, formerly third-degree, reach the deep layers of the skin and can leave it white or blackened and numb. Depth, size, and location shape the treatment and the months of recovery that can follow, and a claim settled before that picture is clear can leave future care out.
If someone else’s carelessness caused the burn, such as a vehicle fire after a crash, scalding water in a rental, an electrical or chemical hazard, or a building fire where required safety equipment failed, California law lets you seek compensation from those responsible. Everyone is responsible for an injury caused by a lack of ordinary care in managing their property or their own conduct (Civil Code § 1714(a)), and damages cover all the detriment the injury caused, including detriment certain to result in the future (§§ 3333, 3283). Kyle Scott Law represents burn survivors and their families across Orange County from its Tustin office. The firm preserves the vehicle, device, or room before it is lost, identifies every responsible party and policy, and documents the care a recovery will need before any release is signed.
Cause and origin
Fire scenes are cleaned up and damaged products are thrown away, so the first step is preserving the vehicle, appliance, battery, or room, and getting the fire department’s incident report, before they are lost. When a defective product, such as a heater, battery, or appliance, may have caused the burn, the claim can also run against the company that manufactured, distributed, or sold it (CACI No. 1200).
Landlords and fire safety
The owner of a rented apartment or house is responsible for testing and maintaining the required smoke alarms and must make sure they work when a new tenancy begins, and a tenant must report an alarm that stops working (Health and Safety Code § 13113.7). A landlord must also maintain carbon monoxide devices (§ 17926.1). A rental is untenantable if it substantially lacks wiring and electrical equipment maintained in good working order, and, under a lease entered into, amended, or extended on or after January 1, 2026, a stove maintained in good working order (Civil Code § 1941.1). When a safety law is violated and the violation causes the kind of injury it was meant to prevent, negligence is presumed, subject to rebuttal (Evidence Code § 669).
Burns at work
Workers’ compensation is generally the only remedy against your own employer (Labor Code § 3602). But a claim for all your damages against someone else whose negligence caused the burn, such as an equipment maker, a contractor, or a property owner that is not your employer, is preserved (§ 3852). Report the injury to your employer promptly, and keep the names of witnesses and the equipment involved.
Where serious burns are treated
The California EMS Authority’s list of burn centers shows two in Orange County: the UCI Health Regional Burn Center at UC Irvine Medical Center, verified by the American Burn Association for adults and children, and the Orange County Burn Center at Orange County Global Medical Center in Santa Ana, designated locally for adults. Orange County EMS names the same two hospitals, UCI Health – Orange and Orange County Global Medical Center, as its burn centers. Records from these first days, including the size and depth of the burns, often become the foundation of the claim.
Cases the firm reviews
Common burn injury matters.
Information that can matter
A strong claim starts with preserved evidence.
The useful records vary by case. The initial review identifies what exists, what may need to be requested, and what should be preserved before it is lost.
Legal guides
Answers to common burn injury questions.
Common questions
Questions about burn injury claims.
Who can be responsible for a burn injury?
It depends on what caused the burn. Possible defendants include a driver whose crash caused a vehicle fire, a landlord who failed to maintain smoke alarms or wiring, a business that left hot liquids or chemicals unsafe, a contractor, or the maker or seller of a defective product. More than one party can share responsibility. The first step is preserving the evidence that shows how the fire or exposure started.
What do burn degrees mean for a claim?
Doctors describe burns as superficial (formerly first-degree), partial-thickness (formerly second-degree), or full-thickness (formerly third-degree), depending on how deep they go. Deeper burns generally need more treatment and a longer recovery, and depth, size, and location all affect future care. A claim should be valued only after doctors can describe the likely course of recovery.
I was burned at work in a restaurant kitchen. Can I sue?
Workers’ compensation is generally your only remedy against your own employer (Labor Code § 3602). But you may have a separate claim against someone else whose negligence caused the burn, such as an equipment maker, a contractor, or a property owner that is not your employer (Labor Code § 3852). Report the injury to your employer promptly, and keep the names of witnesses and any equipment involved.
My apartment caught fire and the smoke alarm didn’t work. Is the landlord responsible?
Possibly. California makes the owner of a rented unit responsible for testing and maintaining required smoke alarms and for making sure they work when a new tenancy begins, while tenants must report alarms that stop working (Health and Safety Code § 13113.7). A violation that causes the kind of harm the law was meant to prevent creates a presumption of negligence (Evidence Code § 669). Keep your lease, maintenance requests, and messages with the landlord.
How long do I have to file a burn injury claim in California?
Most injury lawsuits must be filed within two years under Code of Civil Procedure § 335.1, and for a minor that period generally does not run until age 18 (§ 352(a)). If a city, county, school district, or other public agency may be responsible, a written government claim is generally due within six months (Government Code § 911.2), with no automatic extension for minors (Code of Civil Procedure § 352(b)). A child’s settlement generally needs court approval (Probate Code § 3500). Confirm your dates early.
What can a burn injury claim include?
California law allows compensation for all the harm an injury caused, including harm certain to result in the future (Civil Code §§ 3333, 3283). In burn cases that can include surgery, grafts, scar treatment, therapy, and counseling; lost earnings and earning capacity; and pain, emotional distress, and disfigurement (CACI No. 3905A). Each item needs evidence. If you were partly at fault, your recovery is reduced, not eliminated (CACI No. 405).
This page provides general information, not legal advice. A consultation is needed to evaluate the facts, deadlines, parties, and law that may apply to a specific matter.
Sources
Official sources.
The figures and rules of law on this page come from these official sources.
- MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine) — Burns
- California EMS Authority — ABA-verified and locally designated burn centers (updated December 2, 2025)
- Orange County EMS Policy 240.30 — Orange County specialty services (effective June 1, 2026)
- California Civil Code § 1714 (duty of ordinary care)
- California Civil Code § 3333 (measure of damages)
- California Civil Code § 3283 (future damages)
- California Health and Safety Code § 13113.7 (smoke alarms in rented dwellings)
- California Health and Safety Code § 17926.1 (carbon monoxide devices in rentals)
- California Civil Code § 1941.1 (untenantable dwellings)
- California Evidence Code § 669 (presumption of negligence)
- California Labor Code § 3602 (workers’ compensation as the remedy against an employer)
- California Labor Code § 3852 (claims against others besides the employer)
- California Code of Civil Procedure § 335.1 (two years for injury lawsuits)
- California Code of Civil Procedure § 352 (minors; not for government claims)
- California Government Code § 911.2 (six months to present a claim)
- California Probate Code § 3500 (court approval of a minor’s settlement)
- Judicial Council of California, Civil Jury Instructions (CACI) Nos. 405 (comparative fault), 1200 (product liability), and 3905A (noneconomic damages) (2026 edition)
Related practice areas
